Hybrid Assistive Limb Free Essays

Half and half Assistive Limb (HAL-5) 1. Presentation. Individuals regularly experience the ill effects of different issue identified with their physical wellbeing, which likewise incorporate scatters of the apprehensive, vascular and integumentary frameworks, solid and neurologic sicknesses. We will compose a custom paper test on Half and half Assistive Limb or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Therefore, these infringement most likely influence the musculoskeletal framework and convolute the every day lives of these individuals. Notwithstanding, with the day by day advancement of science and innovation, specialists and innovators are attempting to make a gadget that can make life simpler for individuals with such inabilities. Until this point, a few instances of these advancements are now created. One of these advancements is a controlled exoskeleton Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL-5). Cross breed Assistive Limb (HAL) is a full-body suit, which was intended to help individuals with declined muscles or spinal wounds or cerebrum issue. Presently we will portray appearance, capacities and primary qualities of this automated gadget. 2. Information and makers. The wearable-type robot â€Å"Robot Suit HAL† was made in Japan, quite by Cyberdyne, Inc. This organization was established in 2004 to misuse crafted by a gathering of artificial intelligence scientists headed by Yoshiyuki Sankai, a Professor of System and Information Engineering at Tsukuba University. 4] The investigation about Hybrid Assistive Limb was begun by teacher Sankai in 1992 and went on until 1996. The aftereffect of this difficult work was HAL-1 (fig. 1), first model of HAL arrangement robots. The following robot which was worked with cardinally other plan is HAL-3 (fig. 2). It was developed in 1999 and had been utilized for a long time. Last form of HAL robot, HAL-5 (fig. 3), was found in 2005 and still is being created by educator Yoshiyuki Sankai in his lab at University of Tsukuba. Cyberdyne Inc. has been producing and is at present appropriating of the HAL-5 to the living arrangements of Japan and Europe. Figure 1. HAL-1 robot, 1996 Figure 2. HAL-3 robot, 1999 3. Capacities and uses of the framework HAL-5 is relied upon to be applied in different fields, for example, recovery support and physical preparing support in clinical field. Likewise, it tends to be utilized in a scope of another non-military uses, for instance, in including permitting laborers to convey heavier. [4] HAL-5 encourages clients lift up to around 40 kg more than they regularly could. To be definite, a solid grown-up male, wearing this suit, can lift around 80 kg, generally twofold what he can without it. Half and half Assistive Limb can increase the general unique quality of the wearer by a factor of 2 to 10. The general idea of a HAL-5 robot is straightforward as a rule. The parts HAL are extremely simple to build, nonetheless, the multifaceted nature of the HAL happens fundamentally in its programming and method of working. Educator Sankai says that â€Å"the suit distinguishes black out biosignals on the outside of the skin when the human cerebrum attempts to move the exoskeleton†. At the point when the Robot Suit recognizes these signs, it causes the client to move. HAL-5 can work inside and outside; in spite of the fact that, it is firmly prescribed to utilize this suit inside until better batteries permit progressively delayed use. One of the principle points of interest of this robot is the capacity to change between two kinds of control: Cybernic Voluntary Control and Cybernic Autonomous Control. By utilizing stage exchanging with the self-ruling control work, the solid capacity of an appendage could be recreated by the HAL. In view of this ability, apparently the HAL would be viable for use in the restoration of patients experiencing loss of anxious capacity in an appendage. 4. Framework plan The most noticeable piece of the HAL-5 is the exoskeletal outline, which comprises of an edge made of nickel molybdenum and an aluminum composite. Additionally, it was reinforced by a plastic packaging and the metal bars, which is lashed to the body and helps the client remotely. The bars run along the horizontal sides of the legs and arms. Moreover, there are a few electric engines go about as the HAL-5’s muscles, which need to give fueled help to the wearer’s appendages. Right now, the absolute load of the Hybrid Assistive Limb suit is 23kg, yet man, wearing this gadget, doesn't feel any weight. It happens in light of the fact that the suit can bolster its own weight. Likewise, HAL-5 has a little pocket joined to a belt on the suit that contains a PC, Controller Unit, which controls the suit and a Wi-Fi correspondences framework. The ties at the shoulders appear as knapsack like lashes to join the battery and Controller Unit. The casing additionally has soles, which are utilized to help balance out equalization, at the closures of the leg bars to take out the requirement for the client to help the heaviness of the suit. These subtleties you can see from fig. 3, and fig. 4. Fig. 3. furthermore, Fig. 4. Framework engineering with sensors, battery and Controller Unit 5. Sensors and activation components On the side of the joint closest the corpus, two sensors are set upon the skin. One sensor is put over the muscle gathering, which makes the appendage broaden, and one on the outside of muscle gathering, which makes the appendage flex. Every sensor comprises of two cathodes which measure expected contrast between them as an element of the nerve driving forces, which cause the constriction of muscle filaments. These sensors first channel and afterward intensify the signs of passing such sort of nerve motivations. Additionally, the suit is fueled by both nickel-metal hydride and lithium battery packs. Full charge of this battery keeps going around for 2 hours and 40 minutes, with both the upper and lower body parts in real life. Cyberdyne Inc. has reported that one piece of its exploration is centered around expanding this chance to around 5 hours. HAL-5 Speficications: | Height | 1600mm| Weight | Full Body Type: 23kg | Lower body: 15kg| Battery | Drive Charged battery ( AC100V)| Continuous working time | Approximately 2 hours 40 minutes| Motions Daily Activities | Standing up from a chair| Walking| | Climbing here and there stairs| | Hold and lift substantial articles up to 80kg| Cybernic Control:| Cybernic Voluntary Control| | Cybernic Autonomous Control| Indoor and outdoor| ? | 6. Taking everything into account we can consider that the wearable-type robot HAL-5 is a device with tremendous potential for improving personal satisfaction. Likewise, the HAL-5’s edge can consolidate reused materials, which can incorporate fiberglass, certain plastics, silicon, aluminum, and steel. Such materials can likewise be recoverable for reusing into different items. Upgrades in battery effectiveness and casing weight would lessen vitality necessities, and on account of open air use, vitality prerequisites could be counterbalanced by sunlight based cells on the casing. Thus, the program is at present being proceeding and creating. Sankai says that one of his primary points is â€Å"to make innovations that are intended to serve mankind instead of for damaging purposes. † For instance, he denied offers from the U. S. Division of Defense in Washington DC and the legislature of South Korea to chip away at a robot for military use. This includes more trust in the well meaning goals of teacher Sankai. The most effective method to refer to Hybrid Assistive Limb, Essay models

The Importance of Science in our Lives Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Science in our Lives Essay Science is our capacity as people to utilize our astuteness and decide. When a friend or family member is passing on of malignant growth, what might you do? Okay do nothing conceivable to attempt to support them? Here is the place science has a job in our lives; when we need to accomplish something in any case troublesome or incomprehensible. In spite of the fact that the methods of learning science has changed throughout the years from exclusively thinking sensibly to perusing works of art to testing, the manner in which logical information is utilized has not been changed. When there is a pestilence, medication is utilized to do keeps an eye on will to fix it. At the point when the Egyptian pyramids were to be constructed, design came into utilization. However science isn't utilized uniquely for such needful or expound circumstances. They likewise show up in our day by day lives. We realize it is critical to wash ourselves consistently, just for science. The Wright siblings had the option to create the plane since they realized sight-seeing rises, and from that point forward, we have had the option to utilize their innovation to travel huge spans in brief timeframes. We people would be so weak without science. Science is our insight into the universe. It is normal to have for a being who thinks. On the off chance that we didn't have science, it would mean we are plain creatures persuaded absolutely by impulse. Our meaning of life as a human would not exist. Incredible are the favors of science. In any case, our intelligence isn't finished, and can lead us to foul up. Immediately, science can be a revile. We have changed the traveler plane into a contender. Cameras for keeping recollections spy on individuals. Phones for discussions are utilized to menace plays games, and even detonate trains. Our voracity, disdain, dread, mischievousness, and idiocy have delivered horrible employments of what our logical information has assembled. As we as a whole know from Spiderman, With incredible force comes extraordinary obligation. Science gives us choices to do or not to do. In spite of the fact that every alternative has its outcomes, it is an unmistakable quality which obviously isolates us from creatures. How we use it will incredibly impact the lives of every single one of us.

Finding Essay Samples About a College Professor

Finding Essay Samples About a College ProfessorIf you want to find essay samples about a college professor, then the article below can help you with that. Writing essays isn't easy so if you are having trouble writing one then you need to start looking at ways to learn how to write more effectively.A good college professor is one who doesn't get too bogged down in detail and who will try to keep the essay to a minimum and instead have it flow smoothly and clearly. This is difficult to do but it's a skill that develops over time and it really is quite important for someone taking an essay exam. The reason that an essay isn't polished is because the student is trying to cover so much ground, has so many different points to make and takes themselves so long to deliver it all.So, if you want to find essay samples about a college professor then the first thing you should look for is whether or not the college uses a typewriter for grading. If they do then go back and re-read your essay, t rying to find what makes it too dense. Sometimes, it's down to a typo or a punctuation error but sometimes it's down to a lack of concentration on your part.Don't rush your writing. The pace is slow enough but try to write at a decent pace. It's not always easy to stay focused and your writer's block can creep in but give yourself enough time to get through your essay before you give up. Then you'll know where you are going wrong and have time to fix it.When you are looking for essay samples about a college professor then try not to get too technical. You should be able to talk to the reader without them getting bored or put off by how technical it is. A good example is where I'm taking an essay on the benefits of 'ruthless competitiveness'. My college lecturer was a politician and he didn't have to stick his nose into the minutiae of every individual's life as it wouldn't have mattered anyway.It is also good to try and look at where your subject is coming from but not in a technica l way, just get them talking about things that they already know about. For example, if you're taking an essay on how to choose a boyfriend, tell your subject that you've got a boyfriend now. Your subject will be happy and have loads of fond memories.Look at what essay samples about a college professor you like and add something of your own. A lot of the time the lecturer will comment on one of your essays and then you can write something as a result. Try not to repeat material because it can mean that your essay becomes disjointed and your subject will also find it difficult to put their thoughts together.Last but not least, try to make your essay as interesting as possible and make sure that you use every word correctly. If you need help on this then make sure you ask the lecturer for help and do all the necessary work to ensure that your essay is flawless.

Essay about Immense Heroism in Homer’s Iliad - 1664 Words

Immense Heroism in Homer’s Iliad The Iliad opens with the anger of Peleus son, Achilleus, (1.1) and closes with the burial of Hektor, breaker of horses (24.804).1 The bracketing of the poem with descriptions of these two men suggests both their importance and their connection to one another. They lead parallel lives as the top fighters in their respective armies, and, as the poem progresses, their lives and deaths become more and more closely linked. They each struggle to fulfill the heroic ideal, and they both grapple with temptations that lure them away from heroism. While Hektor embodies the human heroic ideal, Achilleus strives to surpass human heroism to achieve some identification with the divine. These delusions of†¦show more content†¦He is also very attached to his wife, Andromache, the rest of his family, and the entire city of Troy. When he travels into Troy to fetch Paris, he makes a deliberate detour to visit his family and they bid him to remain within the city walls. But although he loves hi s family intensely, he resists the temptation to remain with them. He says that he must answer the call to win for my own self great glory (6.446). He is determined to stay on the path of the hero, but it is very difficult for him to resist the pull of his loved ones. Just before his fatal encounter with Achilleus, he is almost swayed by his family to stay within the walls of Troy. Why does the heart within me debate on these things? he asks himself. (22.122) He is constantly torn between heroism and familial ties, but he finally chooses the path of glory as he turns to face Achilleus, his murderer. Achilleus, on the other hand, strays from the way of the hero by denying his mortality and fancying himself a god. He is, after all, the son of a goddess. But Thetis could not endow her son with immortality, only with greatness. 2 Achilleus attitude towards the battles taking place just outside his ship is reminiscent of how the immortal gods react to the battles. For most of the poem, he sits back from the fighting and observes it from afar. When the members of the embassy come to entice him back into the battle, they find him delighting his heart in aShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad And The Odyssey1317 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout The Iliad and The Odyssey, both Achilles and Odysseus go through intense acts of heroism, internal and external hardships, and fluctuations in confidence. During the epic, The Odyssey, the main character, Odysseus, has to endure many hardships which show. He has to show tremendous amounts of heroism and confidence just to keep his crew and himself alive. He has to rival and face many gods that despise him along with many humans. This theme can also be reflected from Homer’s The Iliad, where theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1641 Words   |  7 Pagesrealization of the fact that King Hamlet was betrayed. EZ Hyperion is one of the 12 titans, born of Gaia and Uranus, who represented the Earth and Sky correspondingly. He is the god of light and fitting titled the â€Å"High One†. Along with possessing immense power himself, he is also the father of a major Heavenly bodies, like the sun God Helios and the moon Goddess Selene. Hyperion is a symbol of power and is considered the Titan of the pillar of the East. Hyperion, along with the other Titans, was overthrownRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost2283 Words   |  10 Pagespeople write Epics, to tell of cultures unknown to many, and interpret stories of the past. The genre of the Epic poem has been molded by the authors and storytellers, as each author writes different stories and comes from different cultures. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey would not have had the Trojan war as such an integral event if the city-states of Troy and the Greek city-states had not been warring so often. Paradise Lost would not have been written the way it was if at all if Christian societies

Creationism vs. Evolution Essay - 1349 Words

Creationism is the theory that man, the earth, and the rest of the universe was originally created rather than randomly exploding from nothingness into chance existence. We reside on the surface of a small superbly crafted, autonomous self regulating space vehicle. Together with survival, conquest and death we bear witness to beauty, fragrances, love and music. Think about this. Mathematics, philosophy, springtime, depravity, farming, courtship, quasars, and iphones; all came from nothingness?, formed by chance......? Of all the generations thus far to inhabit the Earth, we have the least excuse for not recognizing the quiet presence of The Scientific Mathematician who set everything into motion around us. We should be in awe, not†¦show more content†¦quot;And God said, let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit trees yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: And it was so. quot;And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding, fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind; and God saw that it was good. quot;And the evening and the morning were the third day. quot;And God said let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years. quot;And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light upon the earth; and it was so. quot;And God made two great lights: The greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night: He made the stars also. quot;And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth. quot;And to rule over the day and over the night and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. quot;And the evening, and the morning were the fourth day. quot;And God said, let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath light, and fowls that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. quot;And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind,Show MoreRelatedEvolution Creationism Vs. Creationism924 Words   |  4 PagesAny point of contact with the scientific world in the 21st century will eventually lead one to the one of the most hotly contested topic in American education, that of evolution versus creationism. While the creationist point of view, as well as the evolutionary perspective, hosts a great variation of opinion amongst its supporters, Christianity is brought to the center stage time after time (Vuletic, 1994). Literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis’ account of creation falls contrary to theRead More Evolution Vs. Creationism Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution vs. Creationism Abstract In the history of science vs. religion there have been no issues more intensely debated than evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of religious belief. Human creation breaks down into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all threeRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead More Evolution vs. Creationism Essay917 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topicsRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Where we come from is a question as old as mankind itself. There are countless numbers of religions, each with their own twist on the origins of earth and mankind, but one of the most highly visible debates would be creationism vs. evolution. Depending on where your beliefs lie, the Earth has been around somewhere in the neighborhood of 6,000 years to 4.5 billion years. One would tend to believe that this vast differe nce in time would make it impossible to have 2 â€Å"theories† thatRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 Pages Where do we come from? The creation of the world has been told through many different stories, and from a variety of religions across the world. The argument between evolution and creation has been debated back and forth for years. So how do we know which claim is correct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church everyRead MoreEvolution Vs. Creationism Debate1265 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be explaining two sides of the evolution vs. creationism debate. The topics I am going to write about are fossil evidence, the origin of life, and Darwin’s â€Å"theory† of natural selection. I will be presenting a view of both sides of the argument they will be on the creation side and evolution standpoint. I would suggest that you, the reader, would have a previous knowledge of all the topics so that you may get a full understanding of both sides. If there is no prior knowledgeRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagespublished his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory of evolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the long dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we created by a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely by chance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage of the term â€Å"evolution† is that living things in our world have come into existence through unguided naturalistic processesRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesassumptions with empirically deduced scientific theories. The Catholic Church had a nasty habit of persecuting such ideological dissent toward creationism, calling it heresy and thereby somewhat suppressing a complete upheaval of the Scriptures. For many centuries to come, the scientific research grew and developed into theories like the Big Bang and evolution, though primarily in places where such progress was tolerated. The state of Tennessee in 1925 was not such a place. In the town of DaytonRead MoreEssay on Evolution VS. Creationism1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof man and how all living things acquired their characteristics. The two main theories that arose over time were Creationism and Evolution, both of which provided very distinct answers to this question. Creationism based its answer on the idea of a supernatural power or being that created the entire unive rse, man and the numerous other organisms that live within it. While, Evolution theorizes that all living things have the potential to change and grow over time into something new and different

Personal Variables And Communication Behaviors - 790 Words

Identify one instance in the video where there was a misperception. Perception is the process of making meaning from people. Misperception would be to perceive someone incorrectly. Floyd (2011) One instance from the video where I believe there was misperception, was when Kathy perceives Alberto to be a man who does not like to communicate with females. Laureate Education (2014) Kathy didn t get a chance to speak, so I am not sure about Alberto s perception of her interpersonal commucation. Kathy s perception of Alberto s interpersonal communication is that he isn t a very good communicator. He interrupts her and doesn t listen to her. He doesn t like communcating with females and his perception of her is that she is just an employee and perceives her as beneath him. He doesn t think too highly of her as a female. Laureate Education (2014) Describe the personal variables that contribute to the interpersonal communication behaviors you saw in this situation. Personal variables do contribute to interpersonal communiation behaviors. I believe the personal variables I say in this situation were age, culture, and gender. These personal variables did impact the situation. I didn t see Alberto, but I do think there is an age gap, which causes condescending behavor. I think Alberto was condescending to Kathy. Again, I didn t see Alberto, but by his name I think he could be Spanish. Kathy was Caucasion and had an accent. So, I think there could be aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Enhanced Personal Responsibility And Choice1294 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This experimental study was carried out to examine â€Å"the effects of enhanced personal responsibility and choice† on a group of residents who were living a decision-free nursing home environment. 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Mise En Scene free essay sample

An analysis on how Mise-en-scene and sound create meaning and generate response in the film Marnie, by Alfred Hitchcock. The scene is of Mark trying to rekindle Marnie’s memories from the night of her mother’s ‘accident’: Marnie, having seeing Mark trying to hold back her mother’s punches, begins to remember parts from that night. The first shot, of Marnie, her mother and Mark, uses Mise-en-scene to show the higher achy within the three characters. Whereas towards the beginning Hitchcock had always had Marnie positioned higher than other characters to show her importance and power, he now has her positioned lower than the other two characters; she is constantly being looked down on by both Mark and her mother. It introduces the aspect of her being childlike because she is now having to look up to other people and being talked down to rather than on an equal level. We will write a custom essay sample on Mise En Scene or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This idea is reinforced when she begins speaking as though she were back to the time of the ‘accident’ – her words are spoken erratic and panicked. Another example Hitchcock shows to imply the idea of Marnie being childlike is that all of the movements and gestures that are directed towards Marnie, are those that would be expected to occur between a parent and child. Although the speech within the first shot is Diegetic Sound; there are two sub-types within the shot. All speech up until when Marnie speaks to tell Mark to let her mother go is simple diegetic sound. However when Marnie begins speaking the sound briefly becomes both simple diegetic; as she is speaking in the present to both Mark and her mother, and displaced diegetic sound; as she is saying these words also from her past. As the scene moves forward slightly external non diegetic sound is introduced with the diegetic sound. The background music is the same sound sequence repeated multiple times, but increasing the volume as it is repeated. This background music creates a tense atmosphere as they are waiting to see whether or not Marnie will remember. The tense atmosphere is reinforced with having the simple diegetic sound of the rain going on outside of the house. Hitchcock has Marnie’s costume as expensive clothing that would communicate to the audience that the person wearing them is rich and powerful. However he contrasts this by her appearance in the clothes and the makeup that she is wearing; Marnie’s appearance appears to be dishevelled, hair all over the place and untidy unlike earlier in the film where it was tied back without a hair out of place. The use of use blocking that Hitchcock uses in this shot o show the identification of Marnie as detached from the other characters. She is always, in this scene, further away from others to create difference and the show that Mark and her mother cant break into her world of thought. The external diegetic sound used whilst she is trying to remember her also creates the feeling that she is lost; going in repetitive circles trying to build to the point where she can r emember her childhood memory. Hitchcock has the character Mark wear a large amount of white clothing in this scene, the white clothing is also apparent in the flashback in the next shot. The white clothing was used as a way to break in to Marnie’s memories so that she could begin to remember; it brought her back to that night by portraying Mark as the man in her flash back. The simple diegetic sound of Mark knocking on the wall also succeeds in portraying Mark as the ‘man in the white suit’. During the flashback, there is very little colour apparent in the shot; the only colour shown that isn’t dark browns or greys, is the colour of each of the three characters present in the flashback. This symbolises the significance of them in the flashback; the place in which they are in is not the main focus, Hitchcock has chosen the costumes so that the stand out from the surrounding that they are in. This allows the audience to interpret that this flashback is purposely to show the incident that took place that night, and that it is the action and not the scenery that is going to be important. Between the shots of Marnie’s flashback and her back in the present, Hitchcock has used a sound bridge over both shots. In both shots there is lightning going on which is significant in the reasoning behind Marnie’s fear, as well as pointing out that she is coming closer to figuring out what happened that night to make her the way she is now. Hitchcock intended the lightning to be a significant trigger to Marnie’s memories and using that, as well as the similarities in clothing between Mark and the ‘man in the white suit, help to break through the emotional block that Marnie has on her memories of the night. The lightning symbolises a warning in her flashback, as it highlight over the man holding Marnie, that something bad is going to take place. As the fight takes place within the scene all of the simple diegetic sound becomes echoed in the shot, slipping in and out of displaced diegetic sound as Hitchcock switches between the past and present. This is used to show the confusion that Marnie’s in; how she is mentally between both the past and present, believing that she is experience her past while she is with Mark and her mother. When Marnie’s mother reaches for the fire instrument Hitchcock uses a complete contrast in colours; the weapon is a dark colour, as if foreshadowing the death that the weapon is going to be used for, it symbolises something bad and dangerous. And when the weapon is lifted all that you can see it the white clothing of the man. These two contrasts allow the audience to experience that something is going to happen with that weapon, and that the white clothing that the man is wearing is going to be tainted and changed when they are connected. Throughout the shots of the present and Marnie’s past, other than the simple diegetic sound of the speech between characters and the sound effects of the weapon impacts; Hitchcock has the two shots in complete silence. The silence ensures that all focus is clearly on the action taking place and symbolises the silence that Marnie has been in all those years with not being able to explain to both herself and anyone else why she is afraid of a man’s touch, or the lightning, or the colour red. The sound of Marnie crying in both the present and the past also shows her vulnerability to the event and refers back to her being presented as childlike in the first paragraph. The weapon in the next shot is foregrounded to show that, as Marnie got up from her chair, she is going to take it. This gives the audience the chance to wonder whether or not Marnie will actually pick up the weapon. When she does pick it up, Hitchcock uses the contrast between the size of the weapon and Marnie’s hands to symbolise the fact that it does not belong in her hands; she is too small and powerless compare to the weapon that is in her hands. When Marnie lifts the weapon above her head there is a brief moment in which Hitchcock allows the camera to linger longer on the shot of her holding it over her head. This could have been intended as a way for the audience to believe that Marnie is hesitating on actually going through with attacking the man with it. However as she begins to bring down the weapon there is the thunder and lightning that flashes in the window besides Marnie as she finally makes the impact. This lightning symbolises the final decision as she brings it down towards the man and the break though into Marnie’s memories: as well as symbolising the breaking of her innocence that night when she killed the man. The next shot breaks the silence of not having any non diegetic sound. As Marnie screams Hitchcock gives the audience a point of view shot in which we see exactly what Marnie is seeing. The diegetic sound is loud and creates tension as it repeats one sound sequence. It allows the audience to soak up the true nature of what Marnie’s done as we see the blood soaked in to the man’s contrasting white shirt. The amount of blood stained onto the shirt almost covers the whole shot as we only see small amounts of white left visible. The white symbolises the innocence that Marnie thought she had, but now the memories of that night have destroyed and tainted what she thought. When Hitchcock zooms the camera forward into the blood, he brings the red colour forward and makes it appear more vibrant. This symbolises all of Marnie’s memories becoming clear and the fact that she can’t hide from the truth anymore because it’s clear and in front of her.